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In a post at the start of 2021 , I argued that while stocks entered the year at elevated levels, especially on historic metrics (such as PE ratios), they were priced to deliver reasonable returns, relative to very low riskfreerates (with the treasury bond rate at 0.93% at the start of 2021).
Relative Risk Measures Before we embark on how to measure relative risk, where there can be substantial disagreement, let me start with a statement on which there should be agreement. Technology and cyclical companies dominate raw highest risk rankings.
Price of Risk The drop in stock and bond prices in the third quarter of 2023 can partly be attributed to rising interest rates, but how much of that drop is due to the price of risk changing? below the index value of 4288, confirming my base case conclusion.
The Codification often provides guidance on how to select a discount rate for a particular area of accounting. The Codification may require the use of a risk-freerate in some places and a risk-adjusted rate in others. The riskpremium may incorporate factors such as credit risk or market illiquidity.
RiskPremiums : You cannot make informed financial decisions, without having measures of the price of risk in markets, and I report my estimates for these values for both debt and equity markets. I extend my equity riskpremium approach to cover other countries, using sovereign default spreads as my starting point, at this link.
for the year are at war with its concurrent promise to keep rates low; after all, adding those numbers up yields a intrinsic riskfreerate of 8.7%. The Stocks Story As treasury rates have risen in 2021, equity markets have been surprisingly resilient, with stocks up during the first three months.
I would be lying if I said that I have had clarity about Tesla's story over the last decade, because it has so many tangents, distractions and shifts along the way, flirting with narratives about being a battery company, an energy company and a technology company. for mature markets.
Having watched Tesla reinvest and grow over the last few years, it is clear to me that the company's been able to generate its growth with far less money invested in plant and more in technology and R&D than a typical auto company. The Market : The US equity market in January 2023 looks very different from the market at the start of 2022.
In my last three posts, I looked at the macro (equity riskpremiums, default spreads, riskfreerates) and micro (company risk measures) that feed into the expected returns we demand on investments, and argued that these expected returns become hurdle rates for businesses, in the form of costs of equity and capital.
Some of that variation can be attributed to different mixes of businesses in different regions, since unit economics will result in higher gross margins for technology companies and commodity companies, in years when commodity prices are high, and lower gross margins for heavy manufacturing and retail businesses.
There are a few arguing that the shift to a technology-based economy has removed inflationary pressures permanently, pointing to the last decade where inflation fears never came to fruition. If inflation is higher than expected, you can expect interest rates to rise, pushing up the returns that both equity investors and lenders demand.
The last decade, with it influx of user based companies and technology platforms forced me to think seriously about how to value a user, subscriber or rider and extrapolate from there to company value. Discount rates in intrinsic valaution have to change to reflect current market conditions, and can be expected to change over time.
I use the data through the end of 2023 to compute all three measures for every company, and in my first breakdown, I look at these risk measures, by sector (globally): Utilities are the safest or close to the safest , on all three price-based measures, but there are divergences on the other risk measures.
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