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Put simply, no central bank, no matter how powerful, can force market interest rates down, if inflation expectations stay low, or up, if investor are anticipating high inflation. For those who track the slope of the yield curve, and I am not one of those who believes that it has much predictive power, it was a confusing year.
The first has been the steep rise in treasuryrates in the last twelve weeks, as investors reassess expected economic growth over the rest of the year and worry about inflation. Coming in 2020, the ten-year T.Bond rate at 1.92% was already close to historic lows. In particular, the Fed's own assessments of real growth of 6.5%
In a post at the start of 2021 , I argued that while stocks entered the year at elevated levels, especially on historic metrics (such as PE ratios), they were priced to deliver reasonable returns, relative to very low riskfreerates (with the treasury bond rate at 0.93% at the start of 2021).
Interest rates : To understand the link between expected inflation and interest rates, consider the Fisher equation, where a nominal riskfree interest rate (which is what treasury bond rates) can be broken down into expected inflation and expected real interest rate components.
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