Andrew Stolz

AUGUST 4, 2020

It is the difference between expected returns from the stock market and the expected returns from risk-free investments. What Impacts the Equity Risk Premium? Market expected return: Stock prices are influenced by internal factors (management), economic factors, political factors, demand, and supply, etc.

Risk Premium 52

Risk Premium Equity Risk-free Rate Dividends 52

Andrew Stolz

AUGUST 5, 2020

It helps an investor understand what to expect to earn in relation to the risk-free rate and the market return. CAPM assumes that the minimum a rational investor would earn is the risk-free rate by buying the risk-free asset. What Impacts the Capital Asset Pricing Model? E(r) = Rf + ??(Rm

Risk-free Rate 52

Risk-free Rate Beta Weighted Average Cost of Capital Risk Premium 52

IVSC

APRIL 26, 2024

Monetary policy across major markets, including the pace and timing of interest rate cuts by major central banks will have a material impact on risk-free rates, a key input for valuations across multiple asset classes.

Banking 130

Banking Finance Risk-free Rate Technology 130

Andrew Stolz

AUGUST 5, 2020

Risk-free rate . The expected return of the market . The systematic risk of the security (Beta). The market value of the stock . The growth rate of dividends . Where R(e) = expected return on investment, Rf = risk-free rate, Rm = expected return of the market, and ??

Equity 52

Equity Risk-free Rate Dividends Beta 52

Brian DeChesare

AUGUST 31, 2022

Convertible Arbitrage Definition: Convertible arbitrage is a relative value strategy in which a hedge fund profits based on the pricing discrepancy between a company’s convertible bonds and its underlying stock; the fund exploits changes in volatility, credit quality, and interest rates to make money while minimizing overall market risk.

Banking 89

Banking Risk-free Rate Equity Start-ups 89

IVSC

JUNE 12, 2023

In 2011, Carla completed a one-year rotation in Kroll's London office, where she promoted the firm's IFRS education efforts and marketing initiatives, and dealt with IFRS implementation issues. She was also a contributing author to the chapter "Risk-Free Rate" in the fifth edition.

Risk-free Rate 130

Risk-free Rate Intangible Assets Appraisal Business Valuation 130

Andrew Stolz

AUGUST 6, 2020

The expected return on an asset is determined by the risk-free rate of return with the addition of the asset’s beta to each macroeconomic factor that impacts the return on the asset multiplied by the risk premium of those factors. Inflation rate: ß = 0.6, The risk-free rate is 5%. 1 + RP1 + ??2+

Risk-free Rate 52

Risk-free Rate Risk Premium Beta Marketability 52

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 20, 2021

Investors are constantly in search of a single metric that will tell them whether a market is under or over valued, and consequently whether they should buying or selling holdings in that market. Note that nothing that I have said so far is premised on modern portfolio theory, or any academic view of risk premiums.

Risk Premium 52

Risk Premium Risk-free Rate Equity Dividends 52

Valutico

FEBRUARY 27, 2024

The discount rate effectively encapsulates the risk associated with an investment; riskier investments attract a higher discount rate. Different types of discount rates such as risk-free rate, cost of equity, or cost of debt, are used contextually in financial analysis.

Discounted Cash Flow 52

Discounted Cash Flow Risk Premium Risk-free Rate Beta 52

Musings on Markets

SEPTEMBER 20, 2024

The big story on Wednesday, September 18, was that the Federal Reserve’s open market committee finally got around to “cutting rates”, and doing so by more than expected. The market seemed to initially be disappointed in the action, dropping after the Fed’s announcement on Wednesday, but it did climb on Thursday.

Banking 122

Banking Treasury Start-ups Marketability 122

ThomsonReuters

MAY 6, 2021

An entity may draw from its own experience as well as that of its peers, industry, geography, market, or other pertinent source. The Codification often provides guidance on how to select a discount rate for a particular area of accounting. The risk premium may incorporate factors such as credit risk or market illiquidity.

Discounted Cash Flow 52

Discounted Cash Flow Risk Premium Risk-free Rate Intangible Assets 52

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 30, 2023

If 2022 was an unsettling year for equities, as I noted in my second data post, it was an even more tumultuous year for the bond market. The rise in rates transmitted to corporate bond market rates, with a concurrent rise in default spreads exacerbating the damage to investors.

Treasury 96

Treasury Start-ups Risk Premium Equity 96

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 21, 2023

It is the nature of stocks that you have good years and bad ones, and much as we like to forget about the latter during market booms, they recur at regular intervals, if for no other reason than to remind us that risk is not an abstraction, and that stocks don't always win, even in the long term.

Equity 93

Equity Risk Premium Start-ups Dividends 93

Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 10, 2021

Capital Constrained Clearing Rate : The notion that any investment that earns more than what other investments of equivalent risk are delivering is a good one, but it is built on the presumption that businesses have the capital to take all good investments.

Risk-free Rate 52

Risk-free Rate Risk Premium Start-ups Equity 52

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 8, 2022

To start the year, I returned to a ritual that I have practiced for thirty years, and that is to take a look at not just market changes over the last year, but also to get measures of the financial standing and practices of companies around the world. Happy New Year, and I hope that 2022 brings you good tidings!

Risk Premium 99

Risk Premium Start-ups Market Capitalization Corporate Finance 99

Musings on Markets

AUGUST 5, 2023

If you have been reading my posts, you know that I have an obsession with equity risk premiums, which I believe lie at the center of almost every substantive debate in markets and investing. The risk premium that you demand has different names in different markets.

Risk Premium 97

Risk Premium Equity Start-ups Treasury 97

Musings on Markets

MARCH 25, 2021

The first quarter of 2021 has been, for the most part, a good time for equity markets, but there have been surprises. The first has been the steep rise in treasury rates in the last twelve weeks, as investors reassess expected economic growth over the rest of the year and worry about inflation. for 2021 and inflation of 2.2%

Equity 52

Equity Risk-free Rate Treasury Start-ups 52

Valutico

FEBRUARY 13, 2025

In the world of finance and investing, the concept of beta plays a vital role in assessing an investment’s risk and volatility. Whether you’re a seasoned investor or new to the market, understanding beta can empower you to make informed decisions. A beta of 1 means the asset moves in line with the market.

Beta 52

Beta Covariance Risk-free Rate Specific Risk 52

Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 8, 2022

In the first few weeks of 2022, we have had repeated reminders from the market that risk never goes away for good, even in the most buoyant markets, and that when it returns, investors still seem to be surprised that it is there.

Risk Premium 90

Risk Premium Beta Start-ups Equity 90

Musings on Markets

JULY 27, 2022

The market clearly had a very different view, as the stock premiered at ? I argued then that notwithstanding the potential growth in the market, and Zomato's advantageous positioning, it was being over priced for its IPO, at ? On July 21, 2021, I valued Zomato just ahead of its initial public offering at about ? 41 per share.

Risk Premium 98

Risk Premium Start-ups Equity Marketability 98

Andrew Stolz

MARCH 20, 2020

The formula implies the return an investor expects from a risk-free investment plus the return from the stock in relation to market volatility. The market risk premium is calculated from a market rate of return less a risk-free rate. Suitability and limitation. Conclusion.

Beta 52

Beta Capital Structure Risk-free Rate Weighted Average Cost of Capital 52

Musings on Markets

NOVEMBER 9, 2021

I have been writing about, and valuing, Tesla for most of its lifetime in public markets, and while it remains a company that draws strong reactions, it is also one that I truly enjoy valuing. Tesla: The Back Story I first valued Tesla in 2013 , as a "luxury automobile company" and I have valued almost every year since.

Start-ups 101

Start-ups Dividends Marketability Market Capitalization 101

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 5, 2024

Thus, looking at only the companies in the S&P 500 may give you more reliable data, with fewer missing observations, but your results will reflect what large market cap companies in any sector or industry do, rather than what is typical for that industry.

Dividends 105

Dividends Risk Premium Equity Book Value 105

Valutico

DECEMBER 12, 2023

New Emerging Market Data (From EMIS): What? We’ve integrated new emerging market transaction data from EMIS, a significant enhancement covered by major news outlets like Yahoo Finance and Asia One. New and existing customers can reach out to upgrade and access this valuable data that opens doors to critical insights.

Risk-free Rate 52

Risk-free Rate Risk Premium Market Risk Marketability 52

Equilest

JANUARY 3, 2023

This theory is based on the idea that several factors, including economic and market conditions, determine a stock's price. The APT is a multi-factor model that seeks to explain the behavior of stock prices based on various economic and market conditions. First, we need to estimate the factor loadings for each risk factor.

Risk Premium 40

Risk Premium Risk-free Rate Market Risk Finance 40

Musings on Markets

MAY 6, 2022

The nature of markets is that they are never quite settled, as investors recalibrate expectations constantly and reset prices. Clearly, we are not in one of those time periods, as markets approach bipolar territory, with big moves up and down.

Risk Premium 102

Risk Premium Treasury Start-ups Equity 102

Valutico

APRIL 17, 2023

The WACC formula derives the current cost of each form of finance, starting with the risk-free rate, the expected return on equity, and the costs associated with debt financing. The required rate of return for equity (Re) is generally calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). A beta of 1.0

Weighted Average Cost of Capital 52

Weighted Average Cost of Capital Discounted Cash Flow Beta Risk-free Rate 52

Valutico

APRIL 17, 2023

The WACC formula derives the current cost of each form of finance, starting with the risk-free rate, the expected return on equity, and the costs associated with debt financing. The required rate of return for equity (Re) is generally calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). A beta of 1.0

Weighted Average Cost of Capital 52

Weighted Average Cost of Capital Discounted Cash Flow Beta Risk-free Rate 52

Valutico

APRIL 12, 2023

The WACC formula derives the current cost of each form of finance, starting with the risk-free rate, the expected return on equity, and the costs associated with debt financing. The required rate of return for equity (Re) is generally calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). A beta of 1.0

Weighted Average Cost of Capital 52

Weighted Average Cost of Capital Discounted Cash Flow Beta Risk-free Rate 52

Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 11, 2023

The conventional practice, when estimating risk free rates, has been to use the government bond rate in the local currency, if available, as the riskfree rate in that currency, and that practice is wrong when markets perceive default risk in the sovereign and build that into the government bond rate.

Risk Premium 96

Risk Premium Start-ups Equity Marketability 96

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 26, 2023

My last valuation of Tesla was in November 2021, towards its market peak, and given its steep fall from grace, in conjunction with Elon Musk's Twitter experiment, it is time for a revisit.

Start-ups 98

Start-ups Marketability Risk Premium Equity 98

Equilest

JULY 31, 2022

In Finance - the beta represents how sensitive the stock price is concerning the market price change (index). The beta measures the return of the stock relative to the market return. For example, when the stock market goes up 1%, and the stock goes up 0.5%, then the stock beta is equal to 0.5.

Beta 40

Beta Business Valuation Finance Discounted Cash Flow 40

Appraisal Rights

AUGUST 8, 2017

In resolving the “record-specific argument” about the role of the deal price in this case, the Supreme Court directed the chancery court to reconsider its approach and disagreed with chancery that regulatory headwinds facing DFC Global undermined the reliability of market prices in this case.

Discounted Cash Flow 40

Discounted Cash Flow Comparable Company Analysis Risk-free Rate Going Concern Value 40

Andrew Stolz

JANUARY 28, 2022

Domestic market still not fully penetrated yet. Gazprom’s major export market is Europe, which committed to an ambitious transition to green energy. Domestic market still not fully penetrated yet. Continued expansion and further penetration of the Russian market results in a similar ratio over the next years as well.

Risk-free Rate 52

Risk-free Rate Net Debt Start-ups Marketability 52

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 24, 2024

As we start 2024, the interest rate prognosticators who misread the bond markets so badly in 2023 are back to making their 2024 forecasts, and they show no evidence of having learned any lessons from the last year. In fact, treasury bill rates consistently rise ahead of the Fed's actions over the two years.

Treasury 52

Treasury Risk Premium Start-ups Risk-free Rate 52

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 31, 2024

In my last three posts, I looked at the macro (equity risk premiums, default spreads, risk free rates) and micro (company risk measures) that feed into the expected returns we demand on investments, and argued that these expected returns become hurdle rates for businesses, in the form of costs of equity and capital.

Equity 80

Equity Book Value Start-ups Corporate Finance 80

Andrew Stolz

JANUARY 28, 2022

I think that the market is too pessimistic about the long-term outlook. Historically, Japan has a very low risk-free rate. By 2030, the company plans to increase its renewable capacity to 4 Gigawatt from currently 0.2 In addition, it shifts from coal production to gas. Management aims to achieve a ROIC of 7% over time.

Dividends 52

Dividends Risk-free Rate Net Debt Equity 52