Musings on Markets

OCTOBER 4, 2023

Price of Risk The drop in stock and bond prices in the third quarter of 2023 can partly be attributed to rising interest rates, but how much of that drop is due to the price of risk changing? below the index value of 4288, confirming my base case conclusion.

Marketability 121

Marketability Start-ups Risk Premium Treasury 121

Equilest

JULY 31, 2022

What is Beta in Finance, and why is it essential for a business valuation? Are you considering evaluating a business using an excel template without understanding Beta in Finance? In Finance - the beta represents how sensitive the stock price is concerning the market price change (index). Think again!

Beta 40

Beta Business Valuation Finance Discounted Cash Flow 40

Valutico

FEBRUARY 27, 2024

The WACC represents the overall cost of financing a company’s operations and is used to discount future cash flows to their present value. It represents the cost a company incurs to access funds through debt financing. It is the cost a company incurs for using equity capital to finance its operations and growth.

Discounted Cash Flow 52

Discounted Cash Flow Risk Premium Risk-free Rate Beta 52

Equilest

JANUARY 7, 2025

Similar to a house of cards in finance, one bad move can bring everything crashing down. A high M-Score could indicate higher risk, warranting a higher discount rate and thus a lower valuation. It's like trying to measure the butterfly effect in finance how much should we adjust our valuation based on a high M-Score?

Business Valuation 40

Business Valuation Risk Premium Finance Start-ups 40

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 30, 2023

Just as rising equity risk premiums push up the cost of equity, rising default spreads push up the cost of debt of companies, with the added complication of higher default risk for those companies that had pushed to the limits of their borrowing capacity in a low interest-rate environment.

Treasury 97

Treasury Start-ups Risk Premium Equity 97

ThomsonReuters

MAY 6, 2021

The cash flows from an entire business include inflows and outflows from investing, financing, and operating activities (such as sales, collections on receivables, expenditures, and settling accounts payable). The adjustment added to the risk-free rate to arrive at the risk-adjusted rate is often referred to as the “risk premium.”

Discounted Cash Flow 52

Discounted Cash Flow Risk Premium Risk-free Rate Intangible Assets 52

Andrew Stolz

AUGUST 5, 2020

If an investor moves money from the risk-free asset into the stock market, they should expect to earn a return in excess of the risk-free rate, what is called an equity risk premium. These risks can be reduced through the diversification of a portfolio. How Do You Calculate the Capital Asset Pricing Model?

Risk-free Rate 52

Risk-free Rate Beta Weighted Average Cost of Capital Risk Premium 52

Equilest

JANUARY 3, 2023

Finance professionals and investors have widely used this theory as a powerful tool to predict stock prices and portfolio returns. meaning that 10% of the stock's risk is specific to the country in which the company is based. Next, we need to estimate the risk-free rate and the risk premium for each risk factor.

Risk Premium 40

Risk Premium Risk-free Rate Market Risk Finance 40

Andrew Stolz

AUGUST 6, 2020

The return on assets is determined by systematic factors such as changes in inflation , risk premiums, interest rates, etc. Investors construct portfolios with unsystematic risks, which are well-diversified to reduce total portfolio risk. In theory, arbitrage provides investors with a high chance of success. 1 + RP1 + ??2+

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Risk-free Rate Risk Premium Beta Marketability 52

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 6, 2023

Check rules of thumb : Investing and corporate finance are full of rules of thumb, many of long standing. When valuing or analyzing a company, I find myself looking for and using macro data (risk premiums, default spreads, tax rates) and industry-level data on profitability, risk and leverage. Operating Margin 2.

Risk Premium 52

Risk Premium Dividends Start-ups EBITDA 52

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 24, 2024

Understanding that riskfree rates vary across currencies primarily because of difference in inflation expectations is the first step to sanity in dealing with currencies in corporate finance and valuation. Corporate Borrowing As riskfree rates fluctuate, they affect the rates at which private businesses can borrow money.

Treasury 52

Treasury Risk Premium Start-ups Risk-free Rate 52

Simply Treasury

AUGUST 2, 2022

In early May, the European Commission unveiled its proposal for a "DEBRA" (Debt-equity bias reduction allowance) Directive, aimed at encouraging companies to finance their investments with equity and capital contributions, instead of resorting to loans (bank or other). risk premium if the company is an SME as defined by European law).

Equity 52

Equity Risk Premium Banking Finance 52

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 9, 2021

The first is that I do not have a macro focus, and my interests in macro variables occur only in the context of corporate finance or valuation issues. In the same dataset where I compute historical equity risk premiums, I report historical returns on corporate bonds in two ratings classes (Moody’s Aaa and Baa ratings).

Risk Premium 52

Risk Premium Market Capitalization Equity Start-ups 52

Valutico

DECEMBER 12, 2023

We’ve integrated new emerging market transaction data from EMIS, a significant enhancement covered by major news outlets like Yahoo Finance and Asia One. New Emerging Market Data (From EMIS): What? New and existing customers can reach out to upgrade and access this valuable data that opens doors to critical insights. Why Important?

Risk-free Rate 52

Risk-free Rate Risk Premium Market Risk Marketability 52

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 12, 2021

Corporate Finance : Corporate finance is the development of the first financial principles that govern how to run a business. It is that mission that makes corporate finance the ultimate big picture class, one that everyone (entrepreneurs, investors, analysts, business observers) should take. Of course, but with two caveats.

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Corporate Finance Start-ups Finance Marketability 52

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 31, 2024

In my last three posts, I looked at the macro (equity risk premiums, default spreads, risk free rates) and micro (company risk measures) that feed into the expected returns we demand on investments, and argued that these expected returns become hurdle rates for businesses, in the form of costs of equity and capital.

Equity 80

Equity Book Value Start-ups Corporate Finance 80

Appraiser Newsroom

JUNE 4, 2024

Kevin holds an MBA in finance from Georgia State University and a Bachelors in Chemical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Finance Professor | Pepperdine Graziadio Business School Craig R. Everett is a finance professor at the Pepperdine Graziadio Business School. a Software as a Service company.

Business Valuation 59

Business Valuation Intangible Assets Appraisal Finance 59

Musings on Markets

NOVEMBER 9, 2021

In this post , I argued that one of the key dividing lines between the two groups was flexibility , with companies with more flexible investing, financing and dividend policies winning out over companies with more rigidity on those dimensions. for mature markets.

Start-ups 101

Start-ups Dividends Marketability Market Capitalization 101

Equilest

MARCH 17, 2022

They give a vision of the company, which must be supplemented by other approaches to address the "true" price, which will result from the negotiation, i.e., the amount accepted by the assignor and financed by the buyer. . . Thus two companies with the same level of results but different future performance risks will have different values.

Business Valuation 40

Business Valuation EBIT Discounted Cash Flow EBITDA 40

Valutico

AUGUST 10, 2023

Financial Literacy: Understanding SME valuation can empower entrepreneurs, investors, and anyone interested in finance, making the complex task of valuation more approachable. It needs to incorporate both the project risk and the opportunity cost, typically done using the CAPM method. What is the basic idea behind valuation?

Discounted Cash Flow 52

Discounted Cash Flow Asset-based Approach Intangible Assets Business Valuation 52

Valutico

FEBRUARY 13, 2025

In the world of finance and investing, the concept of beta plays a vital role in assessing an investment’s risk and volatility. Beta, in finance, is a measure of a stock or portfolio’s sensitivity to market movements. What is beta and how do you calculate beta?

Beta 52

Beta Covariance Risk-free Rate Specific Risk 52

Equilest

JULY 10, 2023

Market volatility, regulatory changes, interest rate fluctuations, tenant turnover, and project-specific risks are examples of factors that can impact a company's value. Assessing and quantifying these risks helps determine an appropriate discount rate or risk premium when calculating the company's value.

Business Valuation 40

Business Valuation Asset-based Approach Risk Premium Price to Earnings 40

Equilest

JULY 10, 2023

These factors include market volatility, interest rate fluctuations, regulatory changes, tenant turnover, and property management risks. Assessing and quantifying these risks helps determine an appropriate discount rate or risk premium when calculating the company's value.

Business Valuation 40

Business Valuation Asset-based Approach Risk Premium Price to Earnings 40

Equilest

JULY 10, 2023

Market volatility, regulatory changes, interest rate fluctuations, environmental concerns, and construction risks are some examples of factors that can impact a business's value. Assessing and quantifying these risks helps determine an appropriate discount rate or risk premium when calculating the business's present value.

Business Valuation 40

Business Valuation Risk Premium Marketability Finance 40

Valutico

SEPTEMBER 13, 2023

Recognized as firms with under 250 employees, their accurate valuation is highly important for many finance professionals. It needs to incorporate both the project risk and the opportunity cost, typically done using the CAPM method. How do I value an SME?

Discounted Cash Flow 52

Discounted Cash Flow Comparable Company Analysis Asset-based Approach Intangible Assets 52

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 28, 2024

In this post, I look at risk, a central theme in finance and investing, but one that is surprisingly misunderstood and misconstrued. That said, and notwithstanding decades of research and debate on the topic, there are still wide differences in how risk is defined and measured. What is risk?

Risk Premium 121

Risk Premium Beta Start-ups Equity 121

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 27, 2021

In my last post , I described the wild ride that the price of risk took in 2020, with equity risk premiums and default spreads initially sky rocketing, as the virus led to global economic shutdowns, and then just as abruptly dropping back to pre-crisis levels over the course of the year.

Start-ups 52

Start-ups Marketability Equity Treasury 52

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 19, 2022

In computing this implied equity risk premium for the S&P 500, I start with the dividends and buybacks on the stocks in the index in the most recent year (which is known) and assume that they grow at the rate that analysts who follow the index are projecting for the next five years.

Risk Premium 99

Risk Premium Risk-free Rate Start-ups Equity 99

Musings on Markets

JULY 1, 2022

And Consequences If you are wondering why you should care about risk capital's ebbs and flows, it is because you will feel its effects in almost everything you do in investing and business. That pullback has had its consequences, with equity risk premiums rising around the world.

Marketability 99

Marketability Risk Premium Start-ups Equity 99

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 8, 2022

That said, it is my experience with markets that has also made me skeptical about the over selling of both notions, since we have an entire branch of finance (behavioral finance/economics) that has developed to explain how more data does not always lead to better decisions and why crowds can often be collectively wrong.

Risk Premium 99

Risk Premium Start-ups Market Capitalization Corporate Finance 99

Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 27, 2023

The second is that borrowing money will increase perceived default risk, and if the company is rated, lower ratings, and that too is true, but borrowing money at a BBB rating, with the tax benefit incorporated, might still yield a lower cost of funding that staying at a AA rating, with no debt in use. Do companies optimize financing mix?

Equity 52

Equity EBITDA Start-ups Net Debt 52

Harvard Corporate Governance

FEBRUARY 3, 2025

Posted by Arthur Korteweg (USC), Stavros Panageas (UCLA), and Anand Systla (UCLA), on Monday, February 3, 2025 Editor's Note: Arthur Korteweg is an Associate Professor of Finance and Business Economics at USC Marshall School of Business, Stavros Panageas is a Professor of Finance at UCLA Anderson School of Management, and Anand Systla is a Ph.D.

Equity 159

Equity Risk Premium Finance Marketability 159

Musings on Markets

MAY 11, 2021

With stocks, I compute this pre-personal tax return at the start of every month, using the current level of index and expected cash flows to back out an internal rate of return; this is the basis for the implied equity risk premium. It is one more reason that blindly using historical risk premiums can lead to static and strange values.

Dividends 52

Dividends Start-ups Risk Premium Treasury 52

Musings on Markets

JULY 24, 2024

After the 2008 market crisis, I resolved that I would be far more organized in my assessments and updating of equity risk premiums, in the United States and abroad, as I looked at the damage that can be inflicted on intrinsic value by significant shifts in risk premiums, i.e., my definition of a crisis.

Risk Premium 75

Risk Premium Equity Start-ups EBITDA 75

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 10, 2025

In corporate finance and investing, which are areas that I work in, I find myself doing double takes as I listen to politicians, market experts and economists making statements about company and market behavior that are fairy tales, and data is often my weapon for discerning the truth. Beta & Risk 1. Equity Risk Premiums 2.

Risk Premium 119

Risk Premium Dividends Start-ups Corporate Finance 119

Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 8, 2025

In the first five posts, I have looked at the macro numbers that drive global markets, from interest rates to risk premiums, but it is not my preferred habitat. A few years ago, I wrote a paper for practitioners on the cost of capital , where I described the cost of capital as the Swiss Army knife of finance, because of its many uses.

Risk Premium 72

Risk Premium Beta Start-ups Equity 72

Global Finance

MARCH 5, 2025

The main attraction of full dollarization is the elimination of the risk of a sudden, sharp devaluation of the countrys exchange rate, the IMF writers point out. This may allow the country to reduce the risk premium attached to its international borrowing. Ocampo is also a professor of finance at Buenos Aires University of CEMA.

Banking 59

Banking Finance Risk Premium Marketability 59