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Historical Data: 1930-2019 To see how this framework works in practice, let's start by looking at the performance of US stocks, across the decades, and look at the returns on stocks, broadly categorized based on marketcapitalization and price to book ratios.
Since I am lucky enough to have access to databases that carry data on all publicly traded stocks, I choose all publicly traded companies, with a market price that exceeds zero, as my universe, for computing all statistics. Beta & Risk 1. Return on (invested) capital 2. EBIT & EBITDA multiple s 5. Debt Details 1.
Thus, without a sense of what comprises a high or low profit margin for a firm, or what the cost of capital is for the typical company, it is easy to create "fairy tale" valuations and analyses. Data universe : In my sample, I include all publicly traded firms with marketcapitalizations that exceed zero, traded anywhere in the world.
Cash generating capacity : Debt payments are serviced with operating cash flows, and the more operating cash flows that firms generate, as a percent of their market value, the more that they can afford to borrow. Debt to EBITDA, Interest Coverage Ratios If debt to capital is not a good measure for judging over or under leverage, what is?
Not surprisingly, the company listings are across the world, and I look at the breakdown of companies, by number and market cap, by geography: As you can see, the market cap of US companies at the start of 2025 accounted for roughly 49% of the market cap of global stocks, up from 44% at the start of 2024 and 42% at the start of 2023.
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