Valutico

FEBRUARY 27, 2024

More importantly, we’ll dig deeper into how discount rates can influence investment choices and how they’re used to figure out a company’s worth. What is a discount rate? The “discount rate” does two main things. For central banks like the Federal Reserve, it helps control the economy.

Discounted Cash Flow 52

Discounted Cash Flow Risk Premium Risk-free Rate Beta 52

Andrew Stolz

MARCH 20, 2020

A firm uses a mix of equity and debt to minimize the cost of capital. In general, the cost of debt is lower than the cost of equity due to the tax advantage of debt. The cost of capital also reflects the riskiness of a firm which reflects the required rate of return. WACC is also viewed as appropriate for a discount rate.

Beta 52

Beta Capital Structure Risk-free Rate Weighted Average Cost of Capital 52

Brian DeChesare

MAY 3, 2023

But people who aim for investment banking roles are very much into those bells and whistles, so questions about the DDM and other “exotic” methodologies began rolling in. To be fair, in some industries – like commercial banks and insurance within FIG – the DDM is a core valuation methodology.

Dividends 64

Dividends Terminal Value Enterprise Value Equity 64

Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 11, 2023

In the month since, I have added two more data updates, one on US equities and one on interest rates , but my attention was drawn away by other interesting stories. There are no easy remedies for this problem, but there are services that generate country risk scores that bring in multiple measures of risk.

Risk Premium 97

Risk Premium Start-ups Equity Marketability 97

Musings on Markets

MAY 6, 2022

Investment Consequences As the storm clouds of higher inflation and interest rates, in conjunction with slower or even negative economic growth, gather, it should come as no surprise that equity markets are struggling to find their footing. At the close of trading on May 5, 2022, the S&P 500 stood at 4147, down 13.3%

Risk Premium 102

Risk Premium Treasury Start-ups Equity 102

Valutico

APRIL 17, 2023

WACC considers the costs associated with different components of a firm’s capital structure, such as debt, equity, and preferred stock, and weighs them according to their proportion. It is a metric used to calculate the Cost of Capital for a company based on its specific financing mix (debt, equity and/or preference shares).

Weighted Average Cost of Capital 52

Weighted Average Cost of Capital Discounted Cash Flow Beta Risk-free Rate 52

Valutico

APRIL 17, 2023

WACC considers the costs associated with different components of a firm’s capital structure, such as debt, equity, and preferred stock, and weighs them according to their proportion. It is a metric used to calculate the Cost of Capital for a company based on its specific financing mix (debt, equity and/or preference shares).

Weighted Average Cost of Capital 52

Weighted Average Cost of Capital Discounted Cash Flow Beta Risk-free Rate 52

Valutico

APRIL 12, 2023

WACC considers the costs associated with different components of a firm’s capital structure, such as debt, equity, and preferred stock, and weighs them according to their proportion. It is a metric used to calculate the Cost of Capital for a company based on its specific financing mix (debt, equity and/or preference shares).

Weighted Average Cost of Capital 52

Weighted Average Cost of Capital Discounted Cash Flow Beta Risk-free Rate 52

Musings on Markets

AUGUST 15, 2023

In every introductory finance class, you begin with the notion of a risk-free investment, and the rate on that investment becomes the base on which you build, to get to expected returns on risky assets and investments. What is a risk free investment? Why does the risk-free rate matter?

Risk-free Rate 98

Risk-free Rate Risk Premium Treasury Start-ups 98

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 19, 2022

In a post at the start of 2021 , I argued that while stocks entered the year at elevated levels, especially on historic metrics (such as PE ratios), they were priced to deliver reasonable returns, relative to very low risk free rates (with the treasury bond rate at 0.93% at the start of 2021). The year that was.

Risk Premium 99

Risk Premium Risk-free Rate Start-ups Equity 99

Musings on Markets

JULY 13, 2022

Country Risk: Equity Risk For equity investors, the price of risk is captured by the equity risk premium, and equity risk premiums will vary across countries. Please do not attach any political significance to my country groupings, or take them personally.

Risk Premium 103

Risk Premium Risk-free Rate Start-ups Equity 103

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 31, 2024

In my last three posts, I looked at the macro (equity risk premiums, default spreads, risk free rates) and micro (company risk measures) that feed into the expected returns we demand on investments, and argued that these expected returns become hurdle rates for businesses, in the form of costs of equity and capital.

Equity 81

Equity Book Value Start-ups Corporate Finance 81

Musings on Markets

MAY 24, 2021

Looking at US equities, the S&P 500 is up about 11% and the NASDAQ about 5%, from start of the year levels, and the underperformance of the latter has led to a wave of stories about whether this is start of the long awaited comeback of value stocks, after a decade of lagging growth stocks.

Treasury 55

Treasury Start-ups Risk Premium Price to Book 55

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 28, 2025

It was an interesting year for interest rates in the United States, one in which we got more evidence on the limited power that central banks have to alter the trajectory of market interest rates. We started 2024 with the consensus wisdom that rates would drop during the year, driven by expectations of rate cuts from the Fed.

Banking 70

Banking Treasury Risk Premium Start-ups 70

Musings on Markets

JULY 25, 2023

Investors in Saudi Arabia are still exposed to significant risks from political upheaval or unrest, and may prefer a more comprehensive measure of country risk. For three decades, I have wrestled with measuring this additional risk exposure and converting that measurement into an equity risk premium, but it remains a work in progress.

Risk Premium 52

Risk Premium Equity Start-ups Risk-free Rate 52

Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 6, 2025

The results, broken down broadly by geography are in the table below: As you can see, the aggregate market cap globally was up 12.17%, but much of that was the result of a strong US equity market. I am no expert on exchange rates, but learning to deal with different currencies in valuation is a prerequisite to valuing companies.

Risk Premium 68

Risk Premium Start-ups Enterprise Value Equity 68