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Traditionally, if someone asked the “ sales & trading vs. investment banking ” question, the response was easy: “Do banking unless you really, really like trading and could not imagine doing anything else.”. The time to expiration or maturity is further away – because there’s more time for the stock price to go up.
More importantly, we’ll dig deeper into how discount rates can influence investment choices and how they’re used to figure out a company’s worth. What is a discount rate? The “discount rate” does two main things. For central banks like the Federal Reserve, it helps control the economy.
Country Risk: Currency and Cost of Capital As a final part to this post, to see the shifts in country risk that we have seen in 2022, let’s start with an assessment of riskfreerates.
A firm borrows from banks or bondholders and it has to pay the interest. The formula implies the return an investor expects from a risk-free investment plus the return from the stock in relation to market volatility. The market risk premium is calculated from a market rate of return less a risk-freerate.
The WACC formula derives the current cost of each form of finance, starting with the risk-freerate, the expected return on equity, and the costs associated with debt financing. The required rate of return for equity (Re) is generally calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). A beta of 1.0
The WACC formula derives the current cost of each form of finance, starting with the risk-freerate, the expected return on equity, and the costs associated with debt financing. The required rate of return for equity (Re) is generally calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). A beta of 1.0
The WACC formula derives the current cost of each form of finance, starting with the risk-freerate, the expected return on equity, and the costs associated with debt financing. The required rate of return for equity (Re) is generally calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). A beta of 1.0
But people who aim for investment banking roles are very much into those bells and whistles, so questions about the DDM and other “exotic” methodologies began rolling in. To be fair, in some industries – like commercial banks and insurance within FIG – the DDM is a core valuation methodology.
In my last three posts, I looked at the macro (equity risk premiums, default spreads, riskfreerates) and micro (company risk measures) that feed into the expected returns we demand on investments, and argued that these expected returns become hurdle rates for businesses, in the form of costs of equity and capital.
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