Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 15, 2023

Finally, I look at the aggregated values across all companies on all three income measures, across all global companies, again broken down by sector: Collectively, global companies reported $16.9 billion in gross profit in the last twelve months leading into 2023, but operating income drops off to $6.4

Start-ups 52

Start-ups Equity Risk Premium Risk-free Rate 52

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 31, 2024

In my last three posts, I looked at the macro (equity risk premiums, default spreads, risk free rates) and micro (company risk measures) that feed into the expected returns we demand on investments, and argued that these expected returns become hurdle rates for businesses, in the form of costs of equity and capital.

Equity 80

Equity Book Value Start-ups Corporate Finance 80

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 5, 2024

Standard Deviation in Equity/Firm Value 2. Book Value Multiples 3. Working capital needs Thus, I compute pricing multiples based on revenues (EV to Sales, Price to Sales), earnings (PE, PEG), book value (PBV, EV to Invested Capital) or cash flow proxies (EV to EBITDA). Fundamenal Growth in Operating Earnings 3.

Dividends 105

Dividends Risk Premium Equity Book Value 105

Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 6, 2025

I aggregated the market capitalizations of all stocks at the end of 2023 and the end of 2024, and computed the percentage change. I am no expert on exchange rates, but learning to deal with different currencies in valuation is a prerequisite to valuing companies.

Risk Premium 67

Risk Premium Start-ups Enterprise Value Equity 67