Remove 2021 Remove Equity Remove Risk-free Rate
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Data Update 2 for 2022: US Stocks kept winning in 2021, but…

Musings on Markets

Leading into 2021, the big questions facing investors were about how quickly economies would recover from COVID, with the assumption that the virus would fade during the year, and the pressures that the resulting growth would put on inflation. The year that was.

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In Search of Safe Havens: The Trust Deficit and Risk-free Investments!

Musings on Markets

In every introductory finance class, you begin with the notion of a risk-free investment, and the rate on that investment becomes the base on which you build, to get to expected returns on risky assets and investments. What is a risk free investment? Why does the risk-free rate matter?

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Data Update 2 for 2023: A Rocky Year for Equities!

Musings on Markets

In 2022, we needed that reminder more than ever before, especially after markets came roaring back from the COVID drop in 2020 and 2021. We invest in equities expecting to earn more than we can make on risk free or guaranteed investments, but the risk in equities is that actual returns can deviate from expectations.

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Country Risk: A 2022 Mid-year Update!

Musings on Markets

lived under full democracy, in 2021, with large differences across regions. Country Risk: Equity Risk For equity investors, the price of risk is captured by the equity risk premium, and equity risk premiums will vary across countries.

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Data Update 2 for 2021: The Price of Risk!

Musings on Markets

With equities, the metric that has been in use the longest is the PE ratio, modified in recent years to the CAPE, where earnings are normalized (by averaging over time) and sometimes adjusted for inflation. Note that nothing that I have said so far is premised on modern portfolio theory, or any academic view of risk premiums.

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Data Update 3: Inflation and its Ripple Effects!

Musings on Markets

Inflation numbers have been coming in high now, for more than a year, but for much of the early part of 2021, bankers, investors and politicians seemed to be either in denial or casually dismissive of its potential for damage.

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Data Update 4 for 2021: The Hurdle Rate Question!

Musings on Markets

Cost of raising funds (capital) : Since the funds that are invested by a business come from equity investors and lenders, one way in which the hurdle rate is computed is by looking at how much it costs the investing company to raise those funds. US , Europe , Emerging Markets , Japan , Australia/NZ & Canada , Global ) 2.