Andrew Stolz

JANUARY 28, 2022

Gazprom’s revenue breakdown 2020. Its net-debt to equity ratio stood at 0.3 Russia has a massively high risk-free rate of 10%. Highlights: Bright future of natural gas as a transition fuel. If Europe holds back Gazprom expansion, pivot to Asia. Domestic market still not fully penetrated yet. Ratios – Gazprom.

Risk-free Rate 52

Risk-free Rate Net Debt Start-ups Marketability 52

Andrew Stolz

JANUARY 28, 2022

Idemitsu Kosan’s revenue breakdown 2020. Its net-debt to equity ratio stood at 0.9x Historically, Japan has a very low risk-free rate. Ramp-up of CAPEX necessary to ensure longevity. Attractive dividend yield could rise to 2x Japanese average. Download the full report as a PDF. The share price is up 33% YTD.

Dividends 52

Dividends Risk-free Rate Net Debt Equity 52

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 26, 2023

Tesla's rise is summarized in the graph below, where we look at the company's revenues and earnings over time, with earnings measured in gross and operating terms, and EBITDA capturing operating cash flows: 2022 numbers updated to reflect 4th quarter earnings call on 1/25/23 Between 2010 and 2020, Tesla grew revenues from $117 million to $31.5

Start-ups 82

Start-ups Marketability Risk Premium Equity 82

Musings on Markets

SEPTEMBER 20, 2024

The first is the spike in the Fed Funds rate to more than 20% between 1979 and 1982, when Paul Volcker was Fed Chair, and represented his attempt to break the cycle of high inflation that had entrapped the US economy.

Banking 100

Banking Treasury Start-ups Marketability 100

Musings on Markets

MAY 24, 2021

Looking at US equities, the S&P 500 is up about 11% and the NASDAQ about 5%, from start of the year levels, and the underperformance of the latter has led to a wave of stories about whether this is start of the long awaited comeback of value stocks, after a decade of lagging growth stocks.

Treasury 55

Treasury Start-ups Risk Premium Price to Book 55

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 12, 2021

I also offer online classes in basic finance (present value, risk models and measures) and accounting (or at least my version of it) as background to my main classes. Discount rates in intrinsic valaution have to change to reflect current market conditions, and can be expected to change over time.

Corporate Finance 52

Corporate Finance Start-ups Finance Marketability 52

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 19, 2022

In a post at the start of 2021 , I argued that while stocks entered the year at elevated levels, especially on historic metrics (such as PE ratios), they were priced to deliver reasonable returns, relative to very low risk free rates (with the treasury bond rate at 0.93% at the start of 2021). The year that was.

Risk Premium 82

Risk Premium Risk-free Rate Start-ups Equity 82

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 5, 2024

Beta & Risk 1. Return on Equity 1. Equity Risk Premiums 2. Ratings & Spreads 2. Tax rates 4. Costs of equity & capital 4. Valuation Pricing Growth & Reinvestment Profitability Risk Multiple s 1. Valuation Pricing Growth & Reinvestment Profitability Risk Multiple s 1.

Dividends 100

Dividends Risk Premium Equity Book Value 100

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 8, 2022

Those measures took a beating in 2020, as COVID decimated the earnings of companies in many sectors and regions of the world, and while 2021 was a return to some degree of normalcy, there is still damage that has to be worked through.

Risk Premium 93

Risk Premium Start-ups Market Capitalization Corporate Finance 93

Musings on Markets

JANUARY 31, 2024

In my last three posts, I looked at the macro (equity risk premiums, default spreads, risk free rates) and micro (company risk measures) that feed into the expected returns we demand on investments, and argued that these expected returns become hurdle rates for businesses, in the form of costs of equity and capital.

Equity 78

Equity Book Value Start-ups Corporate Finance 78

Musings on Markets

FEBRUARY 10, 2021

Cost of raising funds (capital) : Since the funds that are invested by a business come from equity investors and lenders, one way in which the hurdle rate is computed is by looking at how much it costs the investing company to raise those funds. But what if the company is looking at a project in Nigeria or Bangladesh? for Ford).

Risk-free Rate 52

Risk-free Rate Risk Premium Start-ups Equity 52