Remove 2019 Remove Book Value Remove EBIT
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Data Update 1 for 2024: The data speaks, but what does it say?

Musings on Markets

Thus, I have treated leases as debt in computing debt ratios all through the decades that I have been computing this statistic, even though accounting rules did not do so until 2019, and capitalized R&D, even though accounting has not made that judgment yet. Standard Deviation in Equity/Firm Value 2. Book Value Multiples 3.

Dividends 105
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Data Update 8 for 2025: Debt, Taxes and Default - An Unholy Trifecta!

Musings on Markets

Using this distinction, all interest-bearing debt, short term and long term, clears meets the criteria for debt, but for almost a century, leases, which also clearly meet the criteria (contractually set, limited role in management) of debt, were left off the books by accountants.

Equity 75