2018 Excess Earnings Method Total Shareholder Return 
Value Scope
JULY 21, 2020
In 2018, the number was about $5 billion. How do you justify making substantial investments and fundamental changes to corporate structures and culture without empirical evidence that it will make a direct impact on shareholder value, total shareholder return, net present value, and individual rates of return?
Value Scope
SEPTEMBER 24, 2020
In 2018, the number was about $5 billion. “The How do you justify making substantial investments and fundamental changes to corporate structures and culture without empirical evidence that it will make a direct impact on shareholder value, total shareholder return, net present value, and individual rates of return? .
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