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Second, private equity sponsors have become the key strategic decisionmakers in the typical large, distressed business. As a (predominantly) equity investor, a sponsor will tend to be biased toward postponing events such as a sale of the distressed business or a bankruptcy. 2016) (unpublished manuscript). 751 (2002).
In recent years, the gap between the compensation of CEOs and their vice presidents (VPs) has been increasing, especially equity compensation (i.e., First, the pay differential may relate to the varying risks those executives face in managing their firm. VP pay differential in equity compensation. stock and stock options).
3] One empirical paper reports that engagement by the Big Three asset managers alone “led firms to add 2.5 times as many female directors in 2019 as they did in 2016,” accounting for at least a third to two-thirds of the “percentage of all public company board seats held by women…between 2016 and 2019.” [4]
Domestic passive funds and ETFs now manage more than half of all assets under management (AUM) of domestic equity mutual funds and ETFs, and the Big Three passive fund managers (BlackRock, State Street, and Vanguard) cast over a quarter of the votes in S&P 500 companies. Keim (2016). Malenko, and N. Malenko (2022). 3] Appel, I.
The implicit assumption in such regulation is that the benefits of improved financial reporting to financial statement users exceed the direct and indirect costs borne by the implementing firms. Ergo, financial regulation is less likely to improve disclosure for young life-cycle firms.
For example, if pay gaps are perceived by investors to enhance firmvalue, then we should not turn to capital markets for solutions. Following standard definitions, we define a firm-specific pay gap as the difference between what a firm would pay an all-white male workforce and what it pays its actual workforce.
How do you justify making substantial investments and fundamental changes to corporate structures and culture without empirical evidence that it will make a direct impact on shareholder value, total shareholder return, net present value, and individual rates of return? . Do ESG programs impact firmvalue? ciency bene?t
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